Rails ガイド

class Baby < ApplicationRecord
  after_create -> { puts "Congratulations!" }
end

irb> @baby = Baby.create
Congratulations!

class User < ApplicationRecord
  validates :login, :email, presence: true

  before_validation :ensure_login_has_a_value

  private
    def ensure_login_has_a_value
      if login.blank?
        self.login = email unless email.blank?
      end
    end
end

class User < ApplicationRecord
  validates :login, :email, presence: true

  before_create do
    self.name = login.capitalize if name.blank?
  end
end

class User < ApplicationRecord
  before_create ->(user) { user.name = user.login.capitalize if user.name.blank? }
end

class User < ApplicationRecord
  before_create MaybeAddName
end

class MaybeAddName
  def self.before_create(record)
    if record.name.blank?
      record.name = record.login.capitalize
    end
  end
end

class User < ApplicationRecord
  before_validation :normalize_name, on: :create

  # :onは配列も受け取れる
  after_validation :set_location, on: [ :create, :update ]

  private
    def normalize_name
      self.name = name.downcase.titleize
    end

    def set_location
      self.location = LocationService.query(self)
    end
end

class User < ApplicationRecord
  after_initialize do |user|
    puts "オブジェクトは初期化されました"
  end

  after_find do |user|
    puts "オブジェクトが見つかりました"
  end
end

irb> User.new
オブジェクトは初期化されました
=> #<User id: nil>

irb> User.first
オブジェクトが見つかりました
オブジェクトは初期化されました
=> #<User id: 1>

class User < ApplicationRecord
  after_touch do |user|
    puts "オブジェクトにtouchしました"
  end
end

irb> u = User.create(name: 'Kuldeep')
=> #<User id: 1, name: "Kuldeep", created_at: "2013-11-25 12:17:49", updated_at: "2013-11-25 12:17:49">

irb> u.touch
オブジェクトにtouchしました
=> true

class Book < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :library, touch: true
  after_touch do
    puts 'Bookがtouchされました'
  end
end

class Library < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :books
  after_touch :log_when_books_or_library_touched

  private
    def log_when_books_or_library_touched
      puts 'Book/Libraryがtouchされました'
    end
end

irb> @book = Book.last
=> #<Book id: 1, library_id: 1, created_at: "2013-11-25 17:04:22", updated_at: "2013-11-25 17:05:05">

irb> @book.touch # @book.library.touchがトリガーされる
Bookがtouchされました
Book/Libraryがtouchされました
=> true

throw :abort

class User < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :articles, dependent: :destroy
end

class Article < ApplicationRecord
  after_destroy :log_destroy_action

  def log_destroy_action
    puts '記事を削除しました'
  end
end

irb> user = User.first
=> #<User id: 1>
irb> user.articles.create!
=> #<Article id: 1, user_id: 1>
irb> user.destroy
記事を削除しました
=> #<User id: 1>

class Author < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :books, before_add: :check_credit_limit

  def check_credit_limit(book)
    # ...
  end
end

class Author < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :books,
    before_add: [:check_credit_limit, :calculate_shipping_charges]

  def check_credit_limit(book)
    # ...
  end

  def calculate_shipping_charges(book)
    # ...
  end
end

# limit_reached?がtrueの場合はbookが追加されない
def check_credit_limit(book)
  throw(:abort) if limit_reached?
end

# この場合は`before_add`コールバックがトリガーされる
author.books << book
author.books = [book, book2]

# この場合は`before_add`コールバックがトリガーされない
book.update(author_id: 1)

class Order < ApplicationRecord
  before_save :normalize_card_number, if: :paid_with_card?
end

class Order < ApplicationRecord
  before_save :normalize_card_number,
    if: Proc.new { |order| order.paid_with_card? }
end

class Order < ApplicationRecord
  before_save :normalize_card_number, if: Proc.new { paid_with_card? }
end

class Comment < ApplicationRecord
  before_save :filter_content,
    if: Proc.new { forum.parental_control? },
    unless: Proc.new { author.trusted? }
end

class Comment < ApplicationRecord
  before_save :filter_content,
    if: [:subject_to_parental_control?, :untrusted_author?]
end

class Comment < ApplicationRecord
  before_save :filter_content,
    if: [:subject_to_parental_control?, Proc.new { untrusted_author? }]
end

class Comment < ApplicationRecord
  before_save :filter_content,
    if: Proc.new { forum.parental_control? },
    unless: Proc.new { author.trusted? }
end

class FileDestroyerCallback
  def after_destroy(file)
    if File.exist?(file.filepath)
      File.delete(file.filepath)
    end
  end
end

class PictureFile < ApplicationRecord
  after_destroy FileDestroyerCallbacks.new
end

class FileDestroyerCallback
  def self.after_destroy(file)
    if File.exist?(file.filepath)
      File.delete(file.filepath)
    end
  end
end

class PictureFile < ApplicationRecord
  after_destroy FileDestroyerCallback
end

PictureFile.transaction do
  picture_file_1.destroy
  picture_file_2.save!
end

class PictureFile < ApplicationRecord
  after_commit :delete_picture_file_from_disk, on: :destroy

  def delete_picture_file_from_disk
    if File.exist?(filepath)
      File.delete(filepath)
    end
  end
end

class PictureFile < ApplicationRecord
  after_destroy_commit :delete_picture_file_from_disk

  def delete_picture_file_from_disk
    if File.exist?(filepath)
      File.delete(filepath)
    end
  end
end

class User < ApplicationRecord
  after_create_commit :log_user_saved_to_db
  after_update_commit :log_user_saved_to_db

  private
    def log_user_saved_to_db
      puts 'ユーザーはデータベースに保存されました'
    end
end

irb> @user = User.create # 何も出力しない

irb> @user.save          # @userを更新する
ユーザーはデータベースに保存されました

class User < ApplicationRecord
  after_save_commit :log_user_saved_to_db

  private
    def log_user_saved_to_db
      puts 'ユーザーはデータベースに保存されました'
    end
end

irb> @user = User.create # Userを作成
ユーザーはデータベースに保存されました

irb> @user.save # @userを更新
ユーザーはデータベースに保存されました

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  after_commit { puts("これは実際には2番目に実行される") }
  after_commit { puts("これは実際には1番目に実行される") }
end

config.active_record.run_after_transaction_callbacks_in_order_defined = false